Waa maxay ETFS ?

Hordhac:

ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds) waa sanduuqyo maalgashi  oo kuu oggolaanaya inaad hal mar aad maal-gashato shirkado badan, halkii aad lacagtaada ku koobi lahayd hal shirkad oo keliya. Waxay bixiyaan fursad lagu helo kala duwanaansho (diversification), kharash yar, iyo dabacsanaan ganacsi, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon maal-gashadayaasha. Maqaalkan, waxaan si faahfaahsan ku ogaandoota  sida ETFs=ku  u shaqeeyaan, noocyadooda kala duwan, faa’iidooyinka iyo khasaaraha ay leeyihiin, iyo sida aad uga faa’iidaysan karto suuqa UK iyo kuwa caalamka.

Waa maxay ETFS waa sanduuq maalgashi oo aad iibsan karto sida saamiyada shirkadaha loo ibsado oo kele , balse halkii aad hal shirkad oo keliya ka iibsan lahayd, ETFs-ku  wuxuu kuu keenayaa koox ama group  shirkado badan oo hal meel kujira[1]

Tusaale :

Ka warran haddii aad rabto inaad maal gashato shirkado sameeya cabitaanada, laakiin aadan garanayn midka ugu fiican ee ad malgashan lahayd . Halkii aad Coca-Cola kaliya ad saami ka ibsan lahayd , waxaad iibsan kartaa ETF ka kooban:

• Coca-Cola
• Pepsi
• Red Bull
• Iyo shirkado kale

Halkaas waxaad ka helaysaa kala duwanaansho (diversification) oo micnaheedu yahay: haddii mid khasaarto, mid kale ayaa laga yaabaa inuu faa’iido kuu sameeyo.

ETF-yadu Sidee Bay U Shaqeeyaan?

ETFs waa sanduuq maalgashi, waxa laga helaa suuqyada saamiyada sida New York Stock Exchange, oo lagu kala gato saamiyada shirkadaha.

Markaad ETF iib sanayso :

• Ma iibsanaysid shirkad gooni ah
• Waxaad iibsanaysaa saamiga sanduuq ay ku jiran shirkado badan.

Tusaale Kale o kusabsan ETFS :

Kaba sooqaad in ETFs-ku uu u egyahay “dambiil khudaar ah”.

• Tufaax = Coca-Cola
• Moos = Pepsi
• Liin = Nestlé Haddii aad dambiishaa iibsato, waxaad haysataa dhammaan khudaartaas oodhan oo hal keel kuugu jirta.

Tusaale dhab Ah

Waxaa jira ETFs la yiraahdo Vanguard Consumer Staples ETF (VDC). Sanduuqan wuxuu leeyahay saamiyo shirkado sameeya alaabada dadku maalin walba ay isticmaalan.

Sanduuqan shirkadaha kujira waxa kamid ah :

• Walmart
• PepsiCo
• Procter & Gamble
• Coca-Cola
• Costco

Maalgashadayashu waxay  kaliya iibsanayaan hal saami oo ETF ah – kaas oo leh dhammaan shirkadahaan.

Faa’iidooyinka ETFs ka :

1. Kala duwanaansho – Ma hal shirkad ayaad ku tiirsan tahay, mise shirkado badan ayaad leedahay.
2. Goorma ayan iibsankara  – waxaad iibsan kartaa ama iska iibin kartaa markasta oo suuqyadu furanyihiin.
3. Qiimo yar – Inta badan ETF-yadu waa raqiis wayna fudud dahay inaad ibsato

Qasaaraha ETFs-ka:

1. Inlafahmo way adagtahy  haddii aadan aqoon u lahayn sida tusmooyinka (index) u shaqeeyaan.
2. Qiimo isbedbeddel badan – Sida saamiyada, qiimaha ETFs- ku way kor dhaan sidokalena hoos ayay udhacan

Noocyada Kala Duwan ee ETFs-ka

ETF-yadu waxay leeyihiin noocyo kala duwan, iyadoo loo eegayo waxa ay ku saleysan yihiin iyo  sida loo maamulo.

1. Passive ETFs – (ETF-yada Raaca Tusmooyinka)

ETF-yadani – kaliya waxay raacayaan tusmooyinka  suuqu dejiyay. Tusaale ahaan, ETFs yada  raaca tusmooyinka  caanka ah sida S&P 500, taasoo ka kooban 500 oo shirkadood oo waawayn oo Mareykan ah.

Tusaale:

ETFska raaca S&P 500 micnaheedu waa haddii Apple, Google, ama Amazon kor u kacaan – ETF yadaas- iyaguna way kacayaan hadii ay hoos udhacaana way dhacayan,

2. Actively Managed ETFs – ETF-yo si joogto ah loo maamulo

Waa maxay?

ETFs-kan waxaa maamula koox khubaro ah. Kooxdaas  waxay sameeyaan baaritaano si ay go,aan ugaadhan:

• Shirkadee ayaynu iibsanaa ?
• Shirkadee ayaynu iska iibinaa?

Ma raacaan tusmo gaar ah, waxay doortaan waxa ay rumeysan yihiin inuu faa’iido keeni karo.

Tusaale dhab ah:

maareeyaha ETF-ka wuxuu arkayaa in shirkad cusub oo AI ay sameynayso  kor u kac. Wuxuu go’aansanayaa in  in uu ETF ka kuso daro si ay faido u samayso  , inkasta oo aysan ku jirin tusmooyinka waaweyn sida S&P 500.

Waa sida inaad shaqaaleysiiso la-taliye ganacsi oo adiga kuu gaar ah – wuxuuna si gaar ah kuu gu sheegaya  meesha lacagtaada ad ku maal galinayso.

Faa’iidooyinka Actively Managed ETF:

• Waxaa laga yaabaa inay ka fiican tahay Passive ETFs marka suuqu isbe bedeleyo .
• Waxay raadiyan fursado faa’iido leh oo cusub.

Khasaarada:

• Kharash badan :  maareeyayaashu mushahar ayay qaatan .
• Mararka qaar khubaradu waxay go’aansan karan go,an khaldan .

3. Bond ETFs – ETF-yada ku saleysan deymaha

Bond ETF waa nooc ka mid ah ETFs-yada lagu maal gashto  daymo halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen saamiyo (stocks).

Waxaa loo adeegsadaa in laga helo dakhli joogto ah, sida lacag bil kasta soo gasha (interest).

• Daynta dowladda (T-bonds)
• Daynta shirkadaha (Corporate Bonds)
• Ama daymaha dowladaha hoose (Municipal Bonds)

Waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo helo dakhli joogto ah.

Tusaale :

• Dowladda UK waxay soo saartaa bond si ay lacag u hesho.
• HSBC Bond ETF ayaa iibsada bond-kaas.
• Dowladda UK waxay bixinaysaa dulsaarka bond-kaas si joogto ah.
• Adiga oo haysta ETFs-kaas, waxaad heleysaa qaybtaada taas oo ka mid ah dulsaar kasta oo soo gala.

4. Industry or Sector ETFs – (ETF ku saleysan Warshado gaar ah)

ETF-kan wuxuu leeyahay shirkado kaliya oo ka tirsan warshad ama qayb gaar ah oo dhaqaalaha kamid ah  – sida koronto, tiknoolojiyad, ama baabuur.

Tusaale:

ETF la yiraahdo iShares U.S. Technology ETF (IYW) wuxuu ka kooban yahay shirkadaha tiknoolajiyada sida:

• Apple
• Microsoft
• Nvidia

5. Commodity ETFs – (ETF ku saleysan Badeecooyin dabiici ah)

Waxa la  maal-gashtaa kaliya shayyada  dabiiciiga ah  sida:

• Dahab
• Saliid
• Qamadiga

Tusaale:

Haddii aad rabto inaad maal gashato dahab adigoo aan haynin dahabka laf  ahaantiisa , waxaad iibsan kartaa Gold ETF.

6. Currency ETFs – (ETF raaca lacagaha qalaad)

Waxay raacaan isbedbedelka lacagaha qalaad sida:

• USD/EUR
• GBP/JPY

Tusaale:

Haddii aad ogtahay in lacagta USD ay kor u kici doonto marka la barbar dhigo EUR, waxaad iibsan kartaa ETF raaca USD.

7. Bitcoin ETFs – (ETF raaca Bitcoin)

SEC–  hay’adda Maraykanka u qaabilsan ilaalinta suuqyada maaliyadeed. waxay ogolaatay Bitcoin ETF sanadkii 2024. ETF-kan wuxuu si toos ah u raaca bitcoin halkii aad si toos ah u iibsan lahayd crypto.

8. Ethereum ETFs – (ETF raaca Ether)

Waxay ku saleysan tahay  lacagta Ether (ETH) ee ka shaqaysa blockchain-ka Ethereum. SEC– waxay ogolaatay 9 Ethereum ETFs bishii July 2024

9. Inverse ETFs – (ETF laga faa’iidayo marka saamiyadu hoos u dhacaan)

ETF-kan wuxuu isticmaalaa derivatives si uu faa’iido uga helo marka suuqu hoos u dhaco. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii “short profit ”  aad u sameyn lahayd adigoo aan si toos ah u umalgashan .

ETF-yadani waxay doonayaan inay bixiyaan 2× ama 3× faa’iidada ama khasaaraha tusmo gaar ah.

10. Leveraged ETFs – (ETF kordhiya faa’iidada ama khasaaraha)

Tusaale:

Haddii S&P 500 kor u kaco 1%, ETF leh 2× leverage wuxuu kor u kici doonaa 2%. Laakiin haddii uu hoos u dhaco 1%, ETF-kaas khasaaradiisu waxay noqon doontaa 2%.

Faa’iidooyinka (Pros) ee ETFs-ka

1. Waxaad heli kartaa saamiyo badan oo kala duwan

ETF-yadu waxay kuu ogolaanayaan inaad hal meel ka hesho saamiya shirkado kala duwan oo ka tirsan warshado kala duwan taasoo yaraynaysa halista iyo khasaraha.

2. Kharashka maalgashiga oo aad u  hooseeya

ETF-yada badankood waxay leeyihiin expense ratio (kharash sanadle ah) oo aad u yar, iyo commission ama khidmad iibsasho/ iska iibin oo aad u hooseysa.

Tusaale: Haddii aad $1,000 dhigato, kharashka laga jarayo sannadkii waa wax yar sida $3–$5.

3. Maaraynta khatarta iyada oo la adeegsanayo kala duwanaansho (diversification)

Maxaa yeelay ETF-yadu waxay hayaan saamiyo badan, hal shirkad oo hoos u dhacda uma keeni karto khasaaro wayn.

4. Waxaad diiradda saari kartaa warshado ama badeecooyin gaar ah

Haddii aad xiiseyneyso warshad gaar ah sida tamarta, caafimaadka, ama dahabka  waxaad dooran kartaa ETF u gaar ah.

Tusaale: ETF raaca warshadaha korontada ama saliida.

Khasaaraha (Cons) ee ETFska

1. ETF-yadu si firfircoon loo maamulo (actively managed) waa qaali

ETF-yada ay maamulaan khuburadu waxay leeyihiin khidmad  sare, taasoo hoos u dhigi karta faa’iidadaada guud.

Tusaale: Haddii ETF-yada  caadiga  ah (passive) uu kaa qaado 0.05%, kan firfircoon (actively managed)  wuxuu kaa qaadi karaa 0.80%.

2. ETF-yada diiradda saaraya hal warshad way halis badan yihiin

Haddii ETF-kaagu kaliya ka kooban yahay shirkadaha teknoolojiyadda,hadi hoos udhac kuyimaado dhaman hoos ayy udhacayan ileen hal  shay ayay xoooga saaraane.

3. Mararka qaar waxa laga yaabaa in aysan sahlaneyn in la iibiyo (liquidity yar)

ETF-yada qaarkood (gaar ahaan kuwa yar-yar ama cusub) lama kala iibsan karo si fudud  taasoo ka dhigeysa mid adag in la helo buyer ama seller markaad rabto inaad iibiso.

Sida Loo Maal-gashado ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds)

ETF-yadu waa kuwo aad si fudud uga  iibsan karto internet-ka adigoo isticmaalaya akoon maalgashi (brokerage account). Ma u baahnid inaad ahaato khabiir si aad u bilowdo. Waxaa jira dhowr waddo oo aad mari karto :

1. Dooro goob maalgashi (broker)

Waxaad ku ganacsan kartaa ETFs adigoo adeegsanaya:

• Online brokers (sida: TD Ameritrade, E*TRADE, Charles Schwab)
• Apps mobile ah (sida: Robinhood, Webull)
• Robo-advisors (sida: Betterment ama Wealthfront) kuwaas oo adiga kuu dooraya ETF-ka ku gu habboon iyadoo la eegayo baahidaada.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah kuwan waxay bixiyaan iibsi iyo iibin bilaash ah (commission-free trading).

Markaad doorato broker, waxaad sameysan kartaa akoonti online ah, kadibna waxaad ku shubi kartaa lacag.

2. Samee akoontigaaga maalgashi

Tusaale: Waxaa furataa akoonti Robinhood, ah  kadibna waxaad gelisaa $lacag inta aad rabto— kadib waxad diyaar u tahay inaad iibsatid ETFs ka aad rabto .

3. Raadso ETF-ka kugu habboon

Ka hor intaadan wax iibsan, raadi ETF ku habboon hadafkaaga. Waxaad adeegsan kartaa ETF screener tool kaas oo kuu sahlaya inaad kala shaandhayso ETFs ka ad rabo iyo kuwa aanad rabin :

Markad rabtid inad iibsato ETFs waxyalaha ugu muhim san ee ad kafiirin karto :

• Kharashka maamulka (expense ratio)
• Waxa uu haysto (holdings)
• Tirada dadka ku ganacsada (trading volume)
• Taarikhda waxqabadka (performance)

Tusaale: Haddii aad rabto ETF raaca tiknoolojiyadda, waxaad raadineysaa ETF leh Apple, Microsoft, iyo Amazon.

Waa maxay Expense Ratio?

“Expense ratio” waa kharashka sanadlaha ah ee la bixiyo si loo maamulo ETFs-ka. Inta badan ETFs-ku waxay leeyihiin kharash aad u hooseeya maxaa yeelay waxay kaliya raacayaan tusmo (index), ma’aha inay si firfircoon u xushaan saamiyo.

Tusaale:

Haddii ETF-ku uu leeyahay expense ratio 0.05%, waxaad bixineysaa $0.50 kaliya sanadkiiba haddii aad haysato $1,000.

ETF-yada Ugu Caansan (Most Popular ETFs)

Qaar ka mid ah ETFs-ka aadka loo isticmaalo waxay raacaan tusmooyinka waaweyn (index-yada), halka kuwo kalena ay diiradda saaraan warshado gaar ah ama suuqyo caalami ah.

1. SPDR S&P 500 (SPY)

ETF-kan waa kii ugu horreeyay ee abid la sameeyo, wuxuuna raacaa tusmada caanka ah ee S&P 500 — taas oo ka kooban 500 shirkadood oo waa wayn oo Maraykan ah.

Tusaale: Waxaad hal ETF ku helaysaa saamiyo shirkado sida Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, iyo Facebook.

2. iShares Russell 2000 (IWM)

ETF-kan wuxuu raacaa tusmada Russell 2000, taas oo ka kooban shirkado yaryar (small-cap companies) oo faa’iido fiican laga filayo marka ay kor u kacaan.

Tusaale: Waxaa laga yaabaa in aad heshid shirkado yaryar oo hadda bilaabaya horumar  kuwaas oo noqon kara Apple-yada berri .

3. Invesco QQQ (QQQ)

Waxaa loo yaqaan “cubes”, waxay  raacaan tusmada Nasdaq 100, kaas oo u badan shirkado tiknoolojiyadeed.

Tusaale:

Haddii aad rabto inaad maalgashi ku sameyso teknoolojiyadda, QQQ waa doorasho fiican — wuxuu hayaa shirkado badan sida Google, Amazon, Meta, iyo Nvidia.

4. SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average (DIA)

Waxaa loo yaqaan “diamonds”, waxay  raacaan 30-ka shirkadood ee ugu waawayn suuqa Maraykanka ee ku jira tusmada Dow Jones.

Tusaale: Waxaad heli kartaa saamiyada shirkado waawayn sida Coca-Cola, Boeing, iyo McDonald’s.

ETFs Diiradda Saara Warshado Gaar Ah (Sector ETFs)

Waxaa jira ETFs si gaar ah u raaca warshado ama qeybaha dhaqaalaha:

• OIH – Warshadaha saliida (Oil Services)
• XLE – Tamarta guud ahaan (Energy)
• XLF – Adeegyada maaliyadeed (Financial Services)
• IYR – Guryaha iyo hantida ma-guurta da ah (Real Estate Investment Trusts)
• BBH – Warshadaha daawooyinka iyo biotechnology

ETFs-ka Badeecooyinka (Commodity ETFs)

ETF-yadani waxay raacaan qiimaha badeecooyinka dabiiciga ah:

• GLD – Dahab
• SLV – Qalin
• USO – Saliid cayriin (Crude Oil)
• UNG – Gaas dabiici ah (Natural Gas)

Tusaale:

Haddii aad rabto inaad lacagtaada ka ilaaliso sicir-barar, ETF dahab ah sida GLD ayaa noqon kara dookh  wanaagsan.

ETFs-ka Dalal Caalami ah (Country ETFs)

Kuwani waa ETFs raaca tusmooyinka saamiyada waddamo kale, laakiin waxaad ku ganacsan kartaa adigoo isticmaalaya doolarka Maraykanka (USD):

• MCHI – Shiinaha
• EWZ – Brazil
• EWJ – Japan
• EIS – Israa’iil

Waxaa sidoo kale jira ETFs raaca suuqyada kobcaya ama horumaraya:

• EEM – Suuqyada kobcaya (Emerging Markets)
• EFA – Suuqyada horumaray (Developed Markets)

ETFs vs. Mutual Funds vs. Stocks

(Maxay kukala duwan  yihiin ETFs-ka , Mutual Fundska, iyo Stocks?)

Marka aad rabto inaad maal-gashi samayso, waxaad dooran kartaa mid ka mid ah saddexdan:

ETF, Mutual Fund, ama Stock. Laakiin maxay ku kala duwan yihiin?

1. ETF (Exchange-Traded Fund)

Waa sanduuq maal-gashi oo raaca isku-darka  saamiyo ama badeecooyin sida saliid, dahab, ama tusmooyin waaweyn sida S&P 500.

Waxaad iibsan karta saamiyo ETF ah suuqa dhexdiisa, isla sida ay dadku u iibsadan saamiyada oo kale

Waxaa lagu yaqaan kharash yar iyo faaido fican  – waxaad si toos ah uga ganacsan kartaa malinkasta

Tusaale :

Haddii aad rabto inaad maal-gashi ku samayso shirkado badan hal mar ayad samayn karta    – halkii aad mid mid u iibsan lahayd – waxaad iibsan kartaa ETF raacaya shirkado waa weyn oo badan.

2. Mutual Fund (Sanduuqa Maal-gashiga Wadajirka ah)

Waa maal-gashi dad badan ay lacagtooda ku shubtaan, waxaana lagu maal-gashtaa saamiyo, bonds, iyo qalabyo kale.

Waxaad ka iibsan kartaa oo kaliya dhammaadka maalinta, marka suuqu xirmo.

wuxuu  leeyahay maamule (manager) go’aamiya meesha lacagta la gelinayo, sidaas darteed kharashkiisu waa badan yahay marka la barbardhigo ETF.

Tusaale :

Waa sida inaad lacag adiga iyo saaxibada isku darsaaan kuna shubatan “sanduuq” maamuluhuna go’aamiyo meesha lacagtaa  lagu maal-gelinayo.

3. Stock (Saami shirkadeed )

Markaad stock iibsato, waxaad leedahay qayb yar oo rasmi ah oo shirkada kamid ah .

Qiimaha stock-gu wuu kordhi karaa ama hoos u dhici karaa iyadoo ay ku xiran tahay sida shirkaddaas u shaqeyso.

Maal-gashiga stock-gu waa mid halis badan haddii aad shirkad keli ah lacagtaada  galiso  haddii ay hoos u dhacdo, adiguna waad khasaaraysaa.

Tusaale :

Haddii aad iibsato stock shirkadeed  -sida Apple, waxaad noqoneysaa “milkiile yar” oo Apple ah – haddii Apple faa’iido samayso, adna waad faa’iidaysaa.

Dakhliga Dividends-ka iyo Canshuuraha (Taxes)

Maxaa Laga Helaa Marka Aad Maal-gasho ETF?

Markaad maal-gashato ETF, waxaad heli kartaa dakhliga loo yaqaan “dividends” haddii shirkadaha ku jira sanduuqa ETF-ka ay bixiyaan faa’iido. Dividends waa qeyb ka mid ah faa’iidada shirkaddu ay siiso dadka maal-gashiga ku leh.

Haddii ETF-ka aad leedahay uu helo dividend (tusaale: Coca-Cola oo bixisa dividend), adigana waxaad helaysaa qeyb ka mid ah.

Sidoo kale, haddii ETF-ku xirmo (la baabi’iyo), waxaad heli kartaa haraaga lacagta hadii hanti ay ka harto.

Sidee Loo Abuura Ama Loo Dhimaa Saamiyada ETF-ka?

(Creation & Redemption Process)

ETF-yada saamiyadooda waxaa la kordhiyaa ama la dhimaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo dad gaar ah oo la yiraahdo Authorized Participants (APs) – waa maalgashadayaal  waa weyn sida bangiyada ama shirkadaha maal-gelinta.

Abuurista Saamiyo Cusub (Creation)

Hadii larabo in lasiidayo saamiyo ETF cusub oo ah :

1. AP-ku waxay suuqa ka soo iibsadaan saamiyo shirkado ka mid ah tusmada uu ETF-ku raacayo (tusaale: S&P 500).
2. Wuxuu saamiyadii u beddelaa ETF cusub.
3. Kadibna, suuqa ayuu ka iibinayaa saamiyada ETF-ka, si uu faa’iido uga helo.

Saamiyada la beddelanayo mar kasta waxay noqdaan waxa loo yaqaan Creation Unit.

Tusaale

Haddii ETF-  ku xirmo qiime ah $101, laakiin saamiyada uu haysto ay u qalmaan $100, markaas ETF-ku wuu sarreeyaa NAV (qiimaha dhabta ah) – taasi waa waxa loo yaqaan premium.

Faham fudud

Waa maxay Creation Unit?

Creation Unit waa xirmo weyn oo saamiyo ah (tusaale: 10,000 shares) oo ay isticmaalaan shirkadaha waaweyn ee loo yaqaan Authorized Participants (APs) si ay:

• u geliyaan suuqa hanti cusub ETF-ka, ama
• ugala baxaan hanti ETF-ka.

Waxay la mid tahay in sanduuq weyn oo saamiyo ah lagu beddelanayo hanti kale sida kayd ama lacag.

Waa maxay Premium?

Premium waa marka qiimaha suuqa ee ETF-ku uu ka sarreeyo qiimaha hantida dhabta ah ee uu wato (NAV).

Tusaale:

• Haddii ETF share lagu iibinayo suuqa $101
• Laakiin qiimaha hantidiisu tahay $100 (NAV)
• Markaa wuxuu ku jiraa premium ($1 ka badan NAV).

Maxay tani muhiim u tahay?

• APs waxay iibsadaan hanti $100 ah.
• Waxay u beddelaan ETF shares (Creation Unit).
• Kadibna waxay suuqa ka iibiyaan $101.
• Waxay helayaan $1 faa’iido ah .
• Tani waxay ka caawisaa qiimaha ETF ka in uu la mid noqdo qiimaha dhabta ah (NAV), si suuqu isugu dheelitirmo.

Tusaale :

• Suuqa: Tufaax (ETF ah ) oo lagu iibinayo $101.
• Laakiin beeraleydu waxay iskaga iibinayaan tufaaxa $100.
• Waxaad ka soo iibsataa beeraleyda adoo siinaya $100, suuqa ku iibisaa $101.
• $1 faa’iido ayaad heshay – sidaas ayay APs u shaqeeyaan.

Waa maxay Dhimista Saamiyada (Redemption)?

Marka ETF share-kiisu aad qaali u noqdo ama suuqu hoos u dhaco, waxaa dhacda in Authorized Participant (AP) uu:

1. Ka iibsado suuqa saamiyada ETF-ka.
2. Ku celiyo shirkadda ETF-ka si uu ugu beddesho hanti dhab ah (sida kayd/shirkado ama lacag).

Tani waxay yareysaa tirada saamiyada ETF-ka ee suuqa yaalla – waxaana loo yaqaan Redemption.

Maxaa laga faa’iidayaa?

• Marka tirada saamiyada la dhimo, qiimaha ETF-ka wuu is hagaajiyaa.
• Tani waxay ka caawisaa in qiimaha ETF -ku uusan aad uga sarreyn ama uga hooseyn qiimaha dhabta ah ee hantidiisa (NAV).

Soo Koobid :

• Haddii ETF uu qaali noqdo ama suuqu dumo →
• APs waxay suuqa ka iibsadaan saamiyada →
• Ku celiyaan shirkadda ETF →
• Bedel ahaan waxay helaan hanti →
• Saamiyada ETF way yaraadaan →
• Tani waa Redemption.

Abuurista (Creation) ama Dhimista (Redemption) waxay ku xiran tahay sida suuqu yahay – haddii dadku rabaan iibsasho badan ama iibin badan.

ETFs ka Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ?

• Boqortooyada Ingiriiska (UK) waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah suuqyada ETF ee ugu wayn Yurub.
• ETF-yada ku qoran London Stock Exchange (LSE) waa kuwa dad badani ka iibsadaan ama ku iibiyaan saamiyada ETF ka .

Maxay ETF-yada UK bixiyaan?

ETF-yada LSE waxay dadka siiyan  fursad ay ku maal-gashan karaan:

• Saamiyo (shirkado kala duwan),
• Dayn joogto ah (bonds),
• Badeecooyin (sida dahab, saliid iwm),
• Lacagaha qalaad (foreign currencies),
• Hanti ma-guurto ah (real estate),
• Iyo noocyo kale oo maal-gashi ah.

Faa’iidooyinka Maal-gashiga ETF-yada UK

1. Ka Faa’iideysiga ISAs (Individual Savings Accounts): Marka aad maal-gashato ETF-yada adigoo isticmaalaya ISA, waxaad heli kartaa faa’iido wayn. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad sanad walba gelin kartaa ilaa £20,000 adigoon bixin wax canshuur ah oo ku saabsan faa’iidada aad samaysay.

Taas micnaheedu waa:

Haddii aad lacag ka hesho maal-gashiga ETF-ka adigoo isticmaalaya ISA, canshuur lagama qaadayo faa’iidadaas.

1. Canshuurta Stamp Duty Ma Jirto: Marka aad gadanayso ETF-ka gudaha UK, laguma soo rogo stamp duty, taasoo ah canshuur la bixinayo marka la iibsanayo saamiyada  caadi ah. Sidaas darteed, ETF-yadu waxay ku noqon karaan doorasho jaban oo canshuur ahaan ka faa’iido badan marka loo eego saamiyada caadiga ah.

Xeerarka Maal-gashiga ETF-yada UK:

1. Shirkadaha Maraykanka: Dadka ku nool UK waa ay iibsan karaan saamiyada shirkadaha Maraykanka, sida Apple, Microsoft, ama Tesla. Laakiin, ma awoodaan inay si toos ah u iibsadaan ETF-yada laga diiwaangeliyey Maraykanka, sababtoo ah xeerarka UK iyo EU ayaa ka mamnuucaya.
2. ETF-yada UCITS: Si arrintaas loo xalliyo, waxaa jira ETF-yo gaar ah oo loo yaqaan UCITS. UCITS waa nooc ka mid ah ETF-yada laga oggol yahay UK iyo EU, oo si gaar ah loo xakameeyo si loo ilaaliyo maal-gashadayaasha. ETF-yadan UCITS waxay mararka qaar raacaan suuqa Maraykanka, sida ay ula socdaan saamiyada Maraykanka, laakiin waxay si rasmi ah ugu diiwaangashan yihiin UK , Yurub.

Tusaale :

Haddii aad UK joogto, waxaad si toos ah u iibsan kartaa saamiyada Amazon.

Laakiin ma iibsan kartid ETF-yada Maraykan ka sida “Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI)”.

Badalkeeda, waxaad iibsan kartaa ETF UCITS ah oo la mid ah VTI, laakiin loo sameeyay si uu uga shaqeeyo UK sharci ahaan.

Tusaale: ETF-ka FTSE 100 ee UK

Haddii aad rabto inaad maal-gashato shirkadaha ugu waa weyn UK, waxaad eegi kartaa FTSE 100 Index — taas oo ka kooban 100-ka shirkadood ee ugu waa weyn UK.

HSBC FTSE 100 UCITS ETF

ETF-yada qaar ayaa raaca tusmadan. Mid kamid ah waa:

• Waxaa laga heli karaa London Stock Exchange
• Calaamaddiisu waa HUKX
• Kharashka maamulka (ongoing charge): kaliya 0.07%
• Faa’iidada dividend-ka: ilaa 3.62% (sida uu ahaa Janaayo 2024)

Maxuu Ahaa ETF-kii Ugu Horeeyay?

ETF-kii ugu horeeyay ee caan ah waa:

SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY)

• Waxaa sameeyay State Street Global Advisors
• Suuqa ayuu soo galay 22 Janaayo 1993

Laakiin, ETF kale oo ka horeeyay ayaa jiray:

Index Participation Units oo lagu sameeyay Toronto Stock Exchange 1990

• Wuxuu raaci jiray Toronto 35 Index

ETF-yadu guud ahaan waxay bixiyaan kala duwanaansho (diversification), taasoo ka dhigan in aad lacagtaada ku faafineyso shirkado badan halkii aad mid keliya saari lahayd.

Laakiin qaar ka mid ah ETF-yadu waa kuwo si gaar ah diiradda u saara dhowr shirkadood (tusaale: kaliya 2 ama 3 shirkadood oo waaweyn).

Gabagabo:

• Maal-gashiga ETF-yada UK waxay siinayaan fursado kala duwan oo laga helo suuqyo badan iyo fursado canshuur yar.
• ETFs waxay sidoo kale u oggolaanayaan maal-gashadayaasha inay kala duwanaansho fiican ku helaan maal-gashiyada suuqa UK ama suuqyada kale ee dunida.